8+ Trump's Return? Are You Ready? – Dale Ruff OpEdNews


8+ Trump's Return? Are You Ready? - Dale Ruff OpEdNews

The phrase “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews” references an opinion piece (oped) revealed on Opednews.com authored by Dale Ruff. The core material revolves across the hypothetical or potential implications of a Donald Trump presidency. The phrase represents a query posed to the viewers, prompting consideration of this particular political situation as analyzed throughout the referenced article.

Items of this nature, revealed on platforms like Opednews, contribute to public discourse on political figures and potential coverage implications. They provide numerous views and analyses, fostering a extra knowledgeable voters. Analyzing potential future situations permits people to think about potential outcomes and penalties of political decisions, selling important considering.

The following evaluation will delve into the potential arguments and issues raised within the article by Dale Ruff, accessible via Opednews, concerning a possible Trump presidency. It’s going to discover the underlying themes and assumptions driving the piece, providing an in depth understanding of the attitude offered.

1. Political Commentary

The phrase “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews” is essentially rooted in political commentary. It encapsulates an evaluation, doubtless important or cautionary, concerning the prospect of a Donald Trump presidency. The OpEd revealed on Opednews, and authored by Dale Ruff, serves as a car for disseminating this commentary to a wider viewers. The query posed inherently invitations consideration of the potential ramifications and penalties related to a particular political chief holding govt energy. The article’s existence, and its publication on a platform devoted to opinion items, underscores the important function political commentary performs in shaping public notion and influencing discourse concerning political candidates and their insurance policies. For instance, the article might analyze Trump’s previous coverage selections, statements, or potential future actions, providing an opinion on their doubtless influence on numerous sectors of society.

The significance of political commentary as a part of this phrase lies in its skill to stimulate important engagement with political processes. It encourages voters to maneuver past surface-level observations and delve right into a extra complete understanding of the potential implications of their political decisions. The “are you prepared” framing compels reflection, prompting people to actively assess their very own preparedness for the potential realities offered throughout the evaluation. Just like how pre-election polling influences debate subjects, the sort of political commentary, delivered via an op-ed format, can affect the narrative and concerns main as much as an election cycle. Articles analyzing a candidate’s influence on international coverage, financial technique, or social packages exemplify the tangible influence of such commentary.

In conclusion, the connection between political commentary and the phrase into account is inseparable. The phrase itself represents an invite to have interaction with a selected type of political evaluation. The article referenced via “opednews” serves for example of how political commentary features in apply by providing views, elevating issues, and finally contributing to a extra knowledgeable public discourse. The challenges lie in making certain that such commentary is predicated on factual info, offered with mental honesty, and goals to foster constructive dialogue slightly than merely selling partisan agendas.

2. Opednews Platform

The Opednews platform features as a vital part throughout the reference “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews” as a result of it serves because the dissemination channel for Dale Ruff’s opinion piece. With out Opednews, the precise arguments and views articulated by Ruff wouldn’t attain a broad viewers. The platform’s existence allows the propagation of commentary on the potential implications of a Trump presidency, thereby contributing to the bigger public discourse surrounding this political determine. Opednews offers a stage for viewpoints that is probably not available via mainstream media retailers, providing various analyses and doubtlessly difficult standard narratives. The causal hyperlink is direct: Opednews facilitates the visibility and influence of Ruff’s evaluation concerning a possible Trump presidency.

The significance of Opednews throughout the context of “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews” lies in its accessibility. The platform typically permits for a wider vary of voices and views in comparison with extra conventional media sources. This may result in a extra numerous and nuanced understanding of advanced political points. For instance, Opednews may publish articles from lecturers, activists, or involved residents who supply distinctive insights primarily based on their particular experience or lived experiences. In distinction, giant media firms might prioritize narratives that align with their company pursuits or adhere to particular political agendas. By offering a platform for impartial commentary, Opednews contributes to a extra democratized circulate of data.

In abstract, the Opednews platform is integrally linked to the that means and influence of “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews”. It’s the car via which the opinion piece is delivered, enabling the unfold of concepts and contributing to public discourse. Whereas platforms like Opednews face challenges in making certain factual accuracy and combating misinformation, their potential to amplify numerous voices and supply various views stays virtually important. Understanding this relationship is essential for evaluating the credibility and affect of the opinions offered throughout the specified context.

3. Writer’s Viewpoint

The core of “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews” hinges on the creator’s viewpoint, because it dictates the substance and path of the opinion piece. This angle, expressed via Dale Ruff’s writing on Opednews, frames your entire dialogue surrounding a possible Trump presidency, shaping the arguments offered and influencing reader notion.

  • Affect on Argumentation

    The creator’s viewpoint straight shapes the arguments and analyses offered throughout the article. If the creator holds a detrimental view of Trump’s insurance policies or management model, the article will doubtless concentrate on potential dangers, drawbacks, and detrimental penalties. Conversely, a extra favorable viewpoint may emphasize potential advantages, alternatives, and constructive outcomes. The chosen proof, framing of points, and general tone all mirror this underlying perspective. For example, an creator involved about financial instability might spotlight potential commerce wars or deregulation insurance policies as detrimental penalties of a Trump presidency, whereas an creator prioritizing nationwide safety may emphasize a strengthened army or stricter immigration insurance policies as advantages.

  • Collection of Proof

    The creator’s perspective considerably impacts the choice of proof used to help their claims. An creator holding a important view may cite statistics on job losses, environmental harm, or elevated social division throughout a earlier Trump administration, selectively selecting information that helps a detrimental narrative. Conversely, an creator with a extra constructive view may spotlight financial progress, job creation, or profitable diplomatic negotiations, drawing on proof that reinforces a good evaluation. This selective use of proof demonstrates how a pre-existing viewpoint influences the interpretation and presentation of factual info.

  • Framing of Points

    The creator’s viewpoint additionally determines how particular points are framed. For instance, immigration coverage might be framed as a matter of nationwide safety, financial alternative, or human rights, relying on the creator’s underlying perspective. An creator prioritizing nationwide safety may body immigration as a menace to frame management and social cohesion, whereas an creator emphasizing human rights may body it as an ethical crucial to guard weak populations searching for refuge. This framing considerably influences how readers understand the problem and shapes their understanding of the potential penalties of a Trump presidency.

  • Tone and Model

    The creator’s underlying viewpoint is usually conveyed via the tone and elegance of the writing. A important perspective could be expressed via a tone of alarm, concern, or skepticism, whereas a extra favorable perspective could be offered with optimism, enthusiasm, or confidence. Rhetorical gadgets, reminiscent of irony, sarcasm, or passionate appeals, will also be used to convey the creator’s perspective towards the subject material. The precise language decisions, sentence construction, and general stylistic strategy contribute to the general influence of the creator’s viewpoint on the reader.

In the end, the creator’s viewpoint, as embodied by Dale Ruff, types the bedrock of the “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews” framework. This angle, nevertheless, ought to be critically evaluated alongside different viewpoints to acquire a balanced understanding of the potential implications of a Donald Trump presidency. The reader ought to pay attention to potential biases inherent in any single perspective, encouraging a extra thorough and nuanced consideration of the problems at hand. By contemplating the creator’s viewpoint within the context of the broader political panorama, one can achieve a extra full understanding of the potential implications mentioned throughout the referenced Opednews article.

4. Trump Presidency

The potential Trump presidency is central to understanding “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews.” The query posed inherently focuses on the potential influence and preparedness for a Trump administration. Dale Ruff’s op-ed, revealed on Opednews, doubtless explores numerous sides of such a situation, aiming to tell and doubtlessly warning readers about its implications. The next factors elaborate on this relationship.

  • Coverage Reversals and Continuations

    A core consideration revolves round potential coverage shifts. A second Trump time period might end result within the reversal of insurance policies applied by the present administration and the continuation or enlargement of insurance policies initiated throughout his first time period. The article may analyze particular coverage areas reminiscent of commerce, immigration, environmental regulation, and international coverage, assessing the potential penalties of those modifications. For instance, the op-ed might study the influence of tariffs on particular industries or analyze the potential ramifications of withdrawing from worldwide agreements. “Are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews” forces the reader to think about and kind judgements of what Trump might implement.

  • Govt Energy and Governance

    The train of govt energy throughout a hypothetical Trump presidency is a pertinent space of study. This encompasses using govt orders, appointments to key authorities positions, and the general administration of the manager department. The article may study previous situations of govt motion and speculate on how these precedents might be utilized sooner or later. For example, it might discover the implications of appointing people with particular ideological leanings to positions of energy throughout the judiciary or regulatory businesses. Subsequently, contemplating how the Trump administration can be structured is a part of this text.

  • Financial Influence and Commerce Relations

    The financial penalties of a Trump presidency are more likely to be a major focus. This contains the potential results on financial progress, employment, inflation, and commerce relations. The article may analyze potential modifications to tax coverage, commerce agreements, and regulatory frameworks, assessing their potential influence on numerous sectors of the financial system. For instance, it might study the impact of potential commerce wars on particular industries or analyze the influence of deregulation on environmental safety and employee security. To get readers desirous about cash and spending, it highlights the significance.

  • Social and Cultural Divides

    The article may also deal with the potential for elevated social and cultural polarization. This contains inspecting the rhetoric utilized by the Trump administration, its stance on points reminiscent of immigration, race relations, and gender equality, and its potential influence on social cohesion. The creator may analyze the potential for elevated social unrest, the erosion of civil liberties, or the marginalization of minority teams. Subsequently, Trump presidency is usually highlighted in his previous speeches and rallies, and can proceed to be a core worth.

  • International Relationships and Worldwide Standing

    The op-ed might assess how a Trump presidency may reshape U.S. relationships with different nations and influence America’s standing on the world stage. The creator may delve into potential shifts in alliances, commerce agreements, and diplomatic methods. For instance, an evaluation of withdrawing from worldwide accords or realigning with particular nations might be offered. In the end, how America is perceived internationally turns into an necessary subject when studying “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews”.

These sides, explored within the context of “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews,” spotlight the multi-faceted nature of a possible Trump presidency. The op-ed by Dale Ruff doubtless goals to offer readers with a framework for understanding these complexities and forming knowledgeable opinions concerning the potential penalties. The core intention stays to boost consciousness of what a Trump presidency entails.

5. Public Discourse

Public discourse types the lifeblood of democratic societies, enabling open dialogue and debate on pertinent points. Within the context of “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews,” public discourse turns into the world the place the potential implications of a Trump presidency are examined, challenged, and finally, understood by the voters. The op-ed itself serves as a contribution to this discourse, prompting additional engagement and reflection.

  • Shaping Public Opinion

    Public discourse, fueled by articles just like the one referenced, straight shapes public opinion concerning political candidates and their insurance policies. Media protection, social media discussions, and casual conversations contribute to a collective understanding of the potential penalties of various political decisions. The op-ed by Dale Ruff goals to affect this understanding by presenting a particular viewpoint and evaluation. The influence of such articles on voting selections and political engagement is a testomony to the ability of public discourse in shaping political outcomes. For instance, an article specializing in potential financial penalties might sway undecided voters or mobilize help for or in opposition to a selected candidate.

  • Facilitating Knowledgeable Choice-Making

    A sturdy public discourse, characterised by numerous views and fact-based arguments, facilitates knowledgeable decision-making by voters. By offering entry to completely different analyses and viewpoints, people can critically consider the potential implications of their decisions and make extra knowledgeable selections on the poll field. The op-ed, on this context, serves as a supply of data and evaluation that voters can use to tell their understanding of the potential penalties of a Trump presidency. Evaluating and contrasting completely different viewpoints obtainable via public discourse permits for a extra complete understanding of the problems at stake.

  • Holding Political Leaders Accountable

    Public discourse performs a vital function in holding political leaders accountable for his or her actions and guarantees. Media scrutiny, public stress, and arranged activism contribute to a local weather of accountability that may affect political conduct and coverage selections. The op-ed, by elevating issues and posing important questions on a possible Trump presidency, contributes to this accountability mechanism. A vibrant public discourse ensures that political leaders are held liable for their phrases and deeds, each throughout and after their time in workplace.

  • Selling Civic Engagement

    Partaking in public discourse fosters civic engagement and encourages people to take part actively within the political course of. Discussing political points, sharing opinions, and advocating for particular insurance policies contribute to a extra knowledgeable and engaged citizenry. The op-ed, by prompting reflection and dialogue, can stimulate civic engagement by encouraging readers to think about the potential penalties of a Trump presidency and to take motion accordingly. Collaborating on the town corridor conferences, contacting elected officers, and supporting political organizations are all examples of how public discourse can translate into significant civic engagement.

These sides illustrate the important function of public discourse in shaping the context surrounding “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews.” The op-ed itself features as a catalyst for dialogue, debate, and demanding evaluation of a possible Trump presidency. With no vibrant public discourse, the influence and significance of such articles can be considerably diminished. The continued trade of concepts, opinions, and analyses is important for knowledgeable decision-making and a wholesome democracy.

6. Potential Impacts

The consideration of potential impacts is intrinsic to the phrase “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews”. The op-ed by Dale Ruff, revealed on Opednews, inherently seeks to discover and analyze the attainable penalties, each constructive and detrimental, of a Donald Trump presidency. The query posed straight prompts an analysis of those potential impacts, urging preparedness for numerous outcomes.

  • Financial Stability and Commerce Relations

    Potential impacts on financial stability and commerce relations kind a major space of concern. A Trump presidency might end in alterations to commerce agreements, tariff insurance policies, and home financial rules. These shifts might influence financial progress, employment charges, and the monetary well-being of people and companies. The op-ed may study particular sectors that might be significantly weak to those modifications, reminiscent of manufacturing, agriculture, or expertise. For instance, the imposition of tariffs on imported items might result in greater client costs and retaliatory measures from different nations, doubtlessly harming American companies.

  • Environmental Rules and Local weather Change

    Environmental rules and local weather change insurance policies are one other important space of potential influence. A Trump administration might result in a rollback of present environmental protections, elevated fossil gas manufacturing, and a weakening of worldwide commitments to deal with local weather change. These modifications might have important penalties for air and water high quality, public well being, and the long-term sustainability of the planet. The op-ed may discover the potential influence of those insurance policies on particular ecosystems, reminiscent of nationwide parks or coastal areas. Elevated greenhouse fuel emissions, as an example, might contribute to rising sea ranges and extra frequent excessive climate occasions.

  • Healthcare Entry and Affordability

    Healthcare entry and affordability are additionally topic to potential impacts. A Trump presidency might result in modifications within the Reasonably priced Care Act (ACA) or different healthcare insurance policies, doubtlessly affecting the variety of Individuals with medical insurance and the price of medical care. The op-ed may analyze the potential influence of those modifications on low-income people, folks with pre-existing circumstances, and the general stability of the healthcare system. For instance, repealing the ACA and not using a viable alternative might go away thousands and thousands of Individuals with out medical insurance, doubtlessly resulting in elevated charges of uncompensated care and monetary hardship for hospitals and people.

  • Immigration Insurance policies and Social Cohesion

    Modifications to immigration insurance policies and their influence on social cohesion characterize an additional important potential final result. A Trump administration might implement stricter border enforcement measures, restrict authorized immigration pathways, and alter insurance policies affecting undocumented immigrants. These modifications might have important penalties for households, communities, and the general social cloth of the nation. The op-ed may discover the potential influence of those insurance policies on particular immigrant communities or the broader financial system. For example, limiting immigration might result in labor shortages in sure sectors, elevated social tensions, and a decline in cultural variety.

These potential impacts underscore the gravity of the query posed by “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews”. The op-ed doubtless endeavors to equip readers with a framework for assessing these potential penalties and forming knowledgeable opinions concerning the potential trajectory of the nation below a Trump presidency. It challenges readers to proactively take into account and put together for the varied attainable realities that might emerge.

7. Crucial Evaluation

Crucial evaluation is inextricably linked to the core that means and function of “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews.” The phrase itself implicitly calls for engagement with a rigorous evaluation of the potential penalties related to a particular political situation. The op-ed, revealed on Opednews and authored by Dale Ruff, features as a car for presenting such evaluation, prompting readers to maneuver past superficial understanding and interact with a deeper analysis of the subject material. The influence lies in empowering the viewers to kind knowledgeable opinions slightly than passively accepting pre-conceived notions or biased narratives. The query, “are you prepared?” necessitates a considerate and reasoned reply, derived from thorough scrutiny of accessible info and potential outcomes.

An instance of this interaction might be seen in analyzing potential financial impacts. An uncritical studying may merely settle for claims of job creation or financial progress at face worth. Nonetheless, a important evaluation would delve deeper, inspecting the methodology used to generate these claims, scrutinizing various information sources, and contemplating potential unintended penalties. It will assess whether or not the reported job creation is sustainable, whether or not the financial progress advantages all sectors of society equally, and whether or not there are any hidden prices related to the insurance policies being applied. One other illustration might be present in analyzing proposed modifications to environmental rules. A important strategy calls for analysis of scientific proof, evaluation of potential environmental harm, and consideration of long-term sustainability implications. It requires a cautious examination of competing pursuits and a balanced evaluation of the potential trade-offs concerned. For instance, the impacts on human well being, native ecosystems, and future useful resource availability ought to all be thought-about when figuring out the advantage of such modifications.

The sensible significance of understanding the connection between important evaluation and “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews” rests on its skill to foster a extra knowledgeable and engaged citizenry. When readers strategy political discourse with a important mindset, they’re much less prone to manipulation and propaganda. They’re higher outfitted to judge the credibility of sources, determine biases, and assemble well-reasoned arguments. In the end, this interprets into extra accountable voting selections and a extra strong and accountable political system. Challenges stay in selling important considering expertise and making certain entry to numerous and dependable sources of data. Nonetheless, the hassle to foster important engagement with political points is important for preserving the integrity of democratic processes and making certain that political selections are primarily based on sound judgment and knowledgeable public opinion.

8. Ruff’s Arguments

The phrase “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews” necessitates a consideration of Dale Ruff’s particular arguments. These arguments, offered within the op-ed revealed on Opednews, straight inform the query being posed. They supply the substance and context for assessing preparedness for a possible Trump presidency. The validity and persuasiveness of Ruff’s arguments, due to this fact, considerably influence the reply to the central query and its relevance to public discourse.

For example, if Ruff’s arguments heart on potential financial instability ensuing from particular insurance policies, the reader should consider the proof offered to find out the credibility of those claims. This analysis might contain analyzing financial information, contemplating various views from different economists, and assessing the potential influence on numerous sectors of the financial system. Equally, if Ruff’s arguments concentrate on potential social divisions or erosion of civil liberties, the reader should critically study the historic precedents, assess the potential influence on marginalized teams, and weigh the competing values at stake. Ruff could also be addressing subjects reminiscent of commerce, relations with allies, or potential shifts in home coverage. Understanding the inspiration and particulars of Ruff’s factors is important to judge if one is prepared for what the presidency might entail.

The sensible significance of understanding the connection between Ruff’s arguments and “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews” rests on its skill to advertise knowledgeable deliberation and accountable citizenship. By fastidiously analyzing Ruff’s arguments, the reader can develop a extra nuanced understanding of the potential penalties of a Trump presidency. This understanding can then inform voting selections, political engagement, and general participation within the democratic course of. A problem lies in making certain that readers have entry to numerous views and are outfitted with the important considering expertise essential to judge the validity of competing claims. In the end, engagement with Ruff’s arguments is an important step in making ready oneself for the potential realities of a particular political future.

Often Requested Questions

The next questions deal with widespread inquiries and issues associated to the potential implications of a Donald Trump presidency, as examined in opinion items reminiscent of these authored by Dale Ruff and revealed on platforms like Opednews.

Query 1: What particular areas are sometimes analyzed when contemplating a Trump presidency?

Analyses usually concentrate on potential shifts in financial coverage, commerce relations, environmental rules, healthcare entry, immigration insurance policies, and worldwide relations. These areas characterize key sectors that might expertise important modifications below a Trump administration.

Query 2: How may a Trump presidency influence the financial system?

Potential financial impacts might embrace modifications in tax coverage, deregulation, commerce agreements, and general financial progress. Analyses discover the potential penalties of those modifications on employment, inflation, and the monetary stability of varied sectors.

Query 3: What are the potential implications for environmental rules?

A Trump presidency might result in a rollback of environmental protections, elevated fossil gas manufacturing, and a weakening of worldwide commitments to deal with local weather change. Analyses study the potential penalties for air and water high quality, public well being, and long-term sustainability.

Query 4: How might healthcare entry and affordability be affected?

Modifications to the Reasonably priced Care Act or different healthcare insurance policies might have an effect on the variety of people with medical insurance and the price of medical care. Analyses usually assess the potential influence on low-income people, these with pre-existing circumstances, and the general stability of the healthcare system.

Query 5: What influence may immigration insurance policies have on social cohesion?

Stricter border enforcement measures, limitations on authorized immigration pathways, and alterations to insurance policies affecting undocumented immigrants might influence households, communities, and the general social cloth. Analyses study the potential penalties for particular immigrant communities and the broader financial system.

Query 6: How might a Trump presidency alter worldwide relations?

A possible Trump presidency might reshape U.S. relationships with different nations and influence America’s standing on the world stage. Analyses usually delve into potential shifts in alliances, commerce agreements, and diplomatic methods.

These solutions present a foundational understanding of the potential complexities related to a Trump presidency, as mentioned in numerous analyses and opinion items. Additional investigation and demanding engagement with numerous views are inspired.

The subsequent part will deal with actionable steps for making ready for the potential realities of a Trump presidency.

Getting ready for a Potential Trump Presidency

Contemplating the analyses surrounding a possible Trump presidency, reminiscent of these discovered inside “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews,” prudent preparation turns into important. The next factors supply actionable methods for navigating potential modifications and mitigating potential dangers.

Tip 1: Diversify Monetary Investments: Financial uncertainty might accompany shifts in commerce coverage or regulatory frameworks. Diversifying investments throughout numerous asset courses can mitigate potential losses in particular sectors.

Tip 2: Strengthen Group Networks: Potential social divisions underscore the significance of sturdy neighborhood help techniques. Partaking with native organizations and constructing sturdy relationships with neighbors can present resilience in instances of social unrest.

Tip 3: Improve Media Literacy: Misinformation and biased reporting can proliferate during times of political transition. Sharpening important considering expertise and verifying info from a number of sources is essential for knowledgeable decision-making.

Tip 4: Advocate for Coverage Positions: Partaking with elected officers and advocating for particular coverage positions permits for energetic participation in shaping the political panorama. Voicing issues and supporting initiatives aligned with particular person values can affect coverage outcomes.

Tip 5: Evaluate Healthcare Protection: Potential modifications to healthcare insurance policies necessitate a radical overview of present protection choices. Understanding obtainable plans and exploring various choices can guarantee enough entry to medical care.

Tip 6: Doc Vital Data: Potential coverage shifts associated to immigration or different social packages might necessitate the safeguarding of necessary paperwork. Guaranteeing correct documentation and storage of significant information is a prudent measure.

Tip 7: Assist Native Companies: Financial shifts can disproportionately have an effect on small companies. Supporting native enterprises strengthens neighborhood resilience and promotes financial stability.

These steps intention to equip people with the sources and methods essential to navigate the potential complexities of a Trump presidency. Proactive preparation can mitigate dangers and empower people to successfully have interaction with the evolving political panorama.

The next part presents a concluding abstract of the important thing concerns raised all through this evaluation.

Conclusion

This evaluation has explored the multifaceted implications of the question “are you prepared for president trump dale ruff opednews”. The investigation underscored the significance of the Opednews platform, the importance of Dale Ruff’s authorial viewpoint, and the criticality of participating in knowledgeable public discourse. It highlighted potential impacts throughout numerous sectors, emphasizing the necessity for important evaluation when evaluating coverage proposals and potential outcomes. Consideration of Ruff’s particular arguments, derived from the unique Opednews piece, offers a tangible framework for understanding the potential realities of a particular political future.

In the end, preparedness for any political situation necessitates knowledgeable engagement and proactive planning. It requires a dedication to important considering, a willingness to think about numerous views, and a dedication to safeguarding core values. The problem lies in remodeling consciousness into motion, making certain a resilient and engaged citizenry able to navigating the complexities of a dynamic political panorama. The long run calls for considerate motion, not passive commentary.