Best 8+ Authentic NY Pizza in Orlando, FL!


Best 8+ Authentic NY Pizza in Orlando, FL!

The culinary scene in Central Florida affords a various vary of choices, together with a particular kind of pizza preparation that originated in a serious Northeastern metropolis and is now out there within the Orlando metropolitan space. This explicit fashion is characterised by its giant, skinny, and foldable slices, typically that includes a crispy crust and a easy tomato sauce, mozzarella cheese, and non-compulsory toppings.

The presence of this regional pizza fashion signifies a requirement for genuine culinary experiences and contributes to the general richness of the eating choices out there to residents and guests. Its availability in Orlando displays town’s rising cosmopolitan nature and the will amongst some for acquainted tastes from different elements of the nation. The fashion’s historic context lies within the immigrant populations who introduced their culinary traditions to america, adapting them to out there components and native tastes.

Subsequently, a dialogue of the regional variations of pizza out there and the institutions that provide these selections constitutes a major facet of understanding the meals panorama. This understanding necessitates an examination of the particular qualities that outline this kind of pizza, the distributors who concentrate on its preparation, and the elements influencing its reputation within the area.

1. Skinny Crust

The attribute skinny crust is a elementary ingredient defining the fashion of pizza typically related to New York. When this fashion is replicated in Orlando, the presence and high quality of a skinny crust function a main indicator of its authenticity and adherence to custom. The thinness of the crust immediately influences the pizza’s total texture and permits for the “foldability” that’s generally anticipated. Thicker crusts, conversely, would compromise these defining options. For instance, pizzerias aiming to create an genuine rendition spend money on particular dough preparation methods and high-temperature ovens to attain the specified skinny, but barely crispy, crust.

The significance of a skinny crust extends past mere texture. It additionally impacts the steadiness of flavors. A skinny crust permits the flavors of the sauce, cheese, and toppings to be extra outstanding, stopping the dough from overpowering the opposite components. A thicker crust would shift this steadiness, doubtlessly diminishing the influence of the toppings. Moreover, the sensible software of this understanding lies within the means of shoppers to evaluate the standard of this kind of pizza based mostly on the crust’s traits. Remark of the crust’s thickness, texture, and crispness serves as a dependable metric for judging the pizzeria’s dedication to the genuine course of.

In abstract, the skinny crust isn’t merely a element however a essential part that dictates the essence of this regional pizza fashion’s replication in Orlando. Recognizing the importance of the skinny crust facilitates knowledgeable consumption and permits for a extra nuanced appreciation of the culinary efforts concerned. Whereas variations might exist, a correctly executed skinny crust stays an indicator of genuine interpretations, and challenges to attaining this customary contribute to the spectrum of high quality noticed amongst Orlando institutions. This hyperlinks again to the broader theme of regional delicacies and its adaptation in numerous geographical areas.

2. Giant Slices

The scale of particular person pizza slices is a defining attribute of the pizza fashion typically present in Orlando institutions aiming to emulate the delicacies of a particular northeastern metropolis. The prevalence and dimensions of those giant slices immediately affect each the consuming expertise and the perceived authenticity of the product.

  • Practicality and Portion Measurement

    The outsized nature of particular person slices speaks to a historic context of offering a considerable and inexpensive meal, significantly for city populations. In Orlando, this interprets to a aggressive providing, the place the sheer dimension of a slice contributes to perceived worth. For instance, a single, giant slice might suffice as an entire meal, contrasting with smaller, extra quite a few slices from different pizza types. The sensible implication is a discount within the variety of slices required to fulfill a person, affecting each price and consumption patterns.

  • Floor Space and Topping Distribution

    Giant slices supply a larger floor space for the distribution of toppings, doubtlessly impacting the general taste profile. Pizzerias specializing on this fashion should rigorously think about the ratio of sauce, cheese, and different components to make sure a balanced taste expertise throughout your entire slice. The implication is that the preparation requires exact management over ingredient proportions to forestall sure flavors from overpowering others. Imprecise topping distribution can result in uneven style experiences, detracting from the general high quality.

  • Structural Integrity and Foldability

    The size of those slices necessitate a particular degree of structural integrity, typically achieved by means of the attribute “fold.” The flexibility to fold a slice not solely facilitates consumption but in addition reinforces the structural integrity of the skinny crust, stopping it from collapsing underneath the burden of the toppings. This foldability is a visible and useful marker of authenticity. The implication is that the dough preparation and baking course of should be executed with precision to make sure the crust is each skinny and powerful sufficient to help the slice’s dimension and the burden of its toppings.

  • Visible Presentation and Buyer Notion

    The sheer dimension of a slice contributes considerably to the visible presentation and influences buyer expectations. The beneficiant dimensions create a right away impression of worth and abundance, doubtlessly driving buying choices. The implication is that the dimensions of the slice turns into a advertising software, interesting to prospects looking for a satisfying and visually spectacular meal. Failure to ship on this expectation, by means of undersized or poorly offered slices, can negatively influence buyer satisfaction and model notion.

In conclusion, the idea of “giant slices” extends past mere measurement throughout the context of institutions serving pizza in Orlando. It represents a fancy interaction of practicality, taste steadiness, structural necessities, and buyer notion. Every of those aspects contributes to the general expertise and influences the diploma to which these institutions efficiently replicate the pizza fashion they search to emulate. Inspecting these dimensions is essential for a complete understanding of this pizza fashion’s presence and adaptation within the Orlando culinary panorama.

3. Foldability

Foldability is an intrinsic attribute inextricably linked to the id of a particular regional pizza fashion and steadily sought by shoppers in Orlando. This bodily property transcends mere comfort; it embodies useful, structural, and cultural attributes that outline the consuming expertise.

  • Structural Integrity and Assist

    The flexibility to fold a slice isn’t merely a matter of flexibility however an illustration of the crust’s structural integrity. A correctly ready crust should be skinny sufficient to permit folding with out cracking, but sturdy sufficient to help the burden of the toppings. For instance, a pizzeria’s popularity hinges on the crust’s means to face up to the folding course of with out collapsing or spilling its contents. This attribute is essential in sustaining the meant distribution of components and stopping a messy or unsatisfactory expertise.

  • Floor Space Optimization

    Folding a slice optimizes the floor space offered to the palate. By bringing the sides of the slice collectively, the toppings are concentrated, delivering a extra intense burst of taste with every chew. As an example, a client can successfully handle the distribution of sauce, cheese, and toppings by adjusting the diploma of the fold. That is significantly related in Orlando, the place variations in topping high quality and amount may be mitigated by strategic folding. Correct execution permits for a extra managed and balanced taste profile.

  • Historic Context and Custom

    The foldability facet has roots within the sensible issues of early twentieth-century city eating. The flexibility to eat a slice whereas standing or strolling was important for people looking for a fast and inexpensive meal. The apply has since change into a cultural marker of the fashion, representing a connection to its origins. In Orlando, eating places aiming for authenticity steadily emphasize this facet, recognizing its significance as a historic and cultural image.

  • Ingredient Containment and Portability

    Foldability aids in containing components, stopping them from spilling throughout consumption. That is particularly vital when consuming on the go, a typical state of affairs for people buying this pizza fashion in Orlando. The fold acts as a barrier, maintaining the toppings securely in place and minimizing the chance of mess. This operate enhances the pizza’s portability, making it appropriate for consumption in numerous settings, resembling at out of doors occasions or whereas commuting.

In conclusion, foldability goes past a easy bodily attribute; it embodies essential points associated to the construction, taste optimization, historic context, and practicality related to a definite pizza fashion. Its presence in pizzerias inside Orlando represents an try and seize these multifaceted qualities, thereby delivering a extra genuine and satisfying consuming expertise. The act of folding, subsequently, turns into a vital ingredient in assessing each the standard and the faithfulness of this regional pizza fashion’s replication.

4. Particular Components

The diploma to which a pizza in Orlando approximates the fashion related to New York is closely contingent on the choice and high quality of particular components. These components, whereas seemingly easy, contribute considerably to the general style, texture, and finally, the authenticity of the product. Deviation from these particular parts may end up in a remaining product that fails to seize the defining traits. As an example, the usage of low-moisture, whole-milk mozzarella, a staple within the fashion’s origin, contributes to a definite soften and texture that’s tough to duplicate with different cheese varieties. Equally, the kind of tomato used within the sauce, whether or not a particular number of plum tomato or a specific model identified for its consistency, impacts the sauce’s sweetness, acidity, and total taste profile.

The sensible significance of understanding these ingredient-driven nuances lies within the means to discern genuine interpretations from mere imitations. For instance, some Orlando pizzerias might substitute components for cost-saving functions or attributable to restricted availability. The usage of pre-shredded cheese, versus freshly grated, or the incorporation of extreme sugar within the sauce to masks inferior tomato high quality, are frequent indicators of cost-cutting measures that compromise the ultimate product. Moreover, the water used within the dough preparation also can play a vital position. Some institutions might even try to duplicate the mineral composition of New York Metropolis water, believing it contributes to the dough’s distinctive texture. The adherence to those particulars, or lack thereof, immediately impacts the buyer’s expertise and the institution’s credibility in providing a real model of the pizza.

In abstract, the particular components signify extra than simply parts; they’re elementary constructing blocks within the creation of a specific pizza fashion. Their choice, high quality, and preparation methods have a direct causal impact on the ensuing taste and texture. Whereas challenges associated to ingredient sourcing and value administration might exist, prioritizing these particular parts stays important for Orlando pizzerias aiming to ship an genuine illustration of a pizza typically related to a special area. This emphasis on components finally displays a dedication to culinary accuracy and respect for the traditions of the pizza’s origin.

5. Native Interpretation

The presence of a particular regional pizza fashion throughout the Orlando, Florida, culinary panorama necessitates an examination of native interpretation. This idea refers back to the modifications and diversifications made to the unique recipe and preparation strategies to go well with native tastes, out there components, and market calls for. The extent of native interpretation immediately impacts the authenticity and total high quality of the pizza expertise.

  • Ingredient Sourcing and Availability

    Orlando pizzerias might encounter challenges in sourcing components historically used within the genuine preparation of the regional pizza fashion. This may result in substitutions or modifications within the recipe. For instance, particular forms of tomatoes or cheeses could also be unavailable or cost-prohibitive, prompting the usage of regionally sourced options. The implications embody potential alterations in taste profiles and textures, deviating from the unique meant consequence.

  • Style Preferences and Buyer Calls for

    Native interpretation is commonly pushed by the necessity to cater to the preferences of Orlando shoppers. This may increasingly contain adjusting the extent of spice, sweetness, or saltiness within the sauce, or incorporating toppings which can be well-liked throughout the area however not historically discovered on a pizza of this fashion. An instance is the addition of Florida-grown greens or meats to enchantment to native tastes. This may create a hybrid product that blends components of the regional fashion with native culinary traditions.

  • Oven Know-how and Baking Strategies

    The precise gear and methods employed in baking the pizza also can contribute to native interpretation. Conventional ovens, resembling coal-fired ovens, is probably not available or economically possible for all institutions. This may end up in the usage of different oven varieties, resembling gasoline or electrical ovens, which can produce a special crust texture and total baking profile. The implications embody variations in crispness, charring, and the general cooking time, impacting the ultimate product’s traits.

  • Pricing Methods and Market Competitors

    Financial elements, resembling pricing methods and market competitors, can affect native interpretation. Pizzerias might go for lower-cost components or streamlined preparation strategies to stay aggressive within the Orlando market. This may result in compromises in high quality or authenticity. As an example, the usage of pre-shredded cheese or pre-made dough can cut back labor prices however might also detract from the general taste and texture of the pizza. The necessity to steadiness price and high quality is a continuing consideration that shapes the extent of native interpretation.

These aspects of native interpretation, starting from ingredient sourcing to market pressures, collectively form the presence and character of regional pizza fashion throughout the Orlando, Florida, space. Whereas some institutions might attempt for strict adherence to the unique recipes and strategies, others embrace native adaptation as a method of interesting to a broader buyer base. Understanding these elements is important for assessing the authenticity and total high quality of the pizza expertise out there within the area. The diploma of native interpretation serves as a key indicator of the extent to which a pizza in Orlando genuinely displays the culinary traditions it seeks to emulate.

6. Orlando Pizzerias

The presence of pizzerias in Orlando that declare to supply a particular regional pizza fashion is immediately causative of the manifestation of the broader culinary phenomenon within the space. With out such institutions, the idea stays purely theoretical. Every pizzeria working underneath this stylistic banner contributes, positively or negatively, to the general notion and availability of the meals merchandise throughout the market. Their collective selections concerning components, preparation methods, and pricing methods outline the sensible actuality of the expertise out there to shoppers. As an example, the opening of a pizzeria that adheres rigorously to conventional strategies establishes a benchmark for authenticity, whereas the proliferation of institutions utilizing lower-quality substitutes dilutes the general customary.

Moreover, these institutions function essential nodes in a community connecting culinary custom with client demand. They’re answerable for sourcing components, coaching workers, and advertising the particular traits of this pizza fashion to the Orlando neighborhood. Constructive client experiences inside these pizzerias drive continued demand, encouraging additional funding and doubtlessly attracting new entrants into the market. Conversely, damaging experiences can diminish the fashion’s enchantment and result in a decline in its reputation. Contemplate, for instance, the influence of on-line critiques and word-of-mouth referrals, that are immediately influenced by the standard of pizza served and the general customer support supplied by particular person Orlando pizzerias. The monetary success or failure of those companies serves as a sensible indicator of the market’s acceptance of the providing and a validation, or refutation, of their chosen method.

In conclusion, the connection between Orlando pizzerias and this fashion of pizza isn’t merely incidental, it’s elementary. The presence, practices, and efficiency of those institutions decide the fashion’s viability and evolution throughout the native meals tradition. Challenges related to ingredient sourcing, sustaining consistency, and navigating native style preferences immediately influence the success of particular person pizzerias and, consequently, the general notion of the meals merchandise itself. The continued interaction between these elements shapes the panorama and dictates the way forward for this culinary providing within the Orlando space.

7. Authenticity Debates

The assertion that institutions in Orlando, Florida, supply a particular regional pizza fashion inevitably results in debates concerning authenticity. These debates stem from the inherent challenges in replicating culinary traditions in geographically and culturally distinct settings. The core query revolves across the diploma to which a pizza ready in Orlando faithfully adheres to the traits, components, and strategies of its namesake.

  • Ingredient Constancy

    One main space of rivalry facilities on the supply and high quality of components. Adherents to strict authenticity argue that solely particular forms of tomatoes, cheeses, and flours can actually replicate the style and texture of the unique. As an example, the usage of low-moisture, whole-milk mozzarella is commonly thought of non-negotiable, whereas deviations to cheaper options are seen as a compromise. This attitude asserts that ingredient substitutions inevitably diminish the general high quality and authenticity of the pizza.

  • Water Composition

    The composition of the water used within the dough-making course of is one other frequent level of debate. Some keep that the distinctive mineral content material of New York Metropolis water contributes considerably to the dough’s texture and taste. Whereas scientific proof supporting this declare is debated, anecdotal proof and historic custom lend credence to its significance. The shortcoming to duplicate this water composition in Orlando raises questions concerning the diploma to which the ensuing dough may be thought of genuine.

  • Baking Strategies and Tools

    The strategies employed in baking the pizza additionally contribute to authenticity debates. Traditionalists typically emphasize the usage of coal-fired ovens, which impart a particular char and taste profile to the crust. The usage of gasoline or electrical ovens, whereas extra handy and cost-effective, is seen as a departure from established norms. The implications lengthen to the crust’s texture, look, and total style, prompting discussions concerning the acceptable vary of variation.

  • Subjective Perceptions and Private Preferences

    In the end, authenticity is a subjective notion influenced by particular person preferences and prior experiences. What one client considers an genuine slice could also be deemed a pale imitation by one other. These diverging opinions are formed by private reminiscences, cultural associations, and particular person style sensitivities. The ensuing debates spotlight the inherently subjective nature of culinary appreciation and the challenges in establishing goal requirements for authenticity.

The authenticity debates surrounding pizza in Orlando underscore the advanced interaction between culinary custom, native adaptation, and client expectations. Whereas some institutions attempt for strict adherence to authentic recipes and strategies, others prioritize native style preferences and market calls for. The continued dialogue displays the inherent challenges in transplanting cultural phenomena and the continual negotiation between authenticity and practicality.

8. Value Level

The value level of pizza in Orlando purporting to emulate a particular Northeastern fashion constitutes a essential determinant of its accessibility, ingredient high quality, and perceived worth. Understanding the pricing dynamics requires consideration of a number of interdependent elements that immediately influence each the buyer expertise and the operational sustainability of the institutions concerned.

  • Ingredient Prices and Pricing Tiers

    The expense related to sourcing genuine components, resembling imported cheeses or particular forms of tomatoes, immediately influences the ultimate worth. Institutions dedicated to utilizing premium components sometimes command greater costs to offset these prices. Conversely, cheaper price factors typically mirror compromises in ingredient high quality, doubtlessly using inexpensive substitutes. The implications embody a stratified market, the place shoppers are offered with a variety of choices catering to various budgets and high quality expectations. For instance, pizzerias utilizing DOP-certified San Marzano tomatoes will usually cost greater than these utilizing home options.

  • Operational Overhead and Location

    Operational prices, together with hire, labor, and utilities, considerably influence pricing methods. Pizzerias positioned in high-traffic or upscale areas sometimes face greater overhead, necessitating greater costs to keep up profitability. Smaller, much less centrally positioned institutions might supply decrease costs attributable to lowered operational bills. The impact is a geographical variation in pricing, the place related pizzas can exhibit vital worth variations based mostly solely on location. A pizzeria located in a tourist-heavy space of Orlando will doubtless have greater costs in comparison with one in a residential neighborhood.

  • Competitors and Market Positioning

    The aggressive panorama exerts appreciable strain on pricing choices. Pizzerias working in saturated markets typically modify costs to draw prospects and keep market share. This may result in worth wars or promotional affords designed to undercut opponents. Conversely, institutions which have efficiently differentiated themselves by means of superior high quality or distinctive choices could also be much less delicate to cost competitors. The sensible result’s a dynamic pricing surroundings the place costs fluctuate based mostly on market forces and aggressive pressures. Newer institutions might supply introductory reductions to realize traction towards established opponents.

  • Perceived Worth and Buyer Expectations

    Value level is intrinsically linked to buyer perceptions of worth. Shoppers consider the worth of a pizza in relation to its dimension, high quality, style, and total expertise. If the perceived worth aligns with the worth, prospects usually tend to make repeat purchases and suggest the institution to others. Conversely, if the worth is deemed too excessive relative to the perceived high quality, prospects could also be dissuaded from returning. The implication is that pizzerias should rigorously steadiness pricing with high quality to make sure buyer satisfaction and keep a optimistic model picture. Clients could also be keen to pay a premium for pizza perceived as genuine or made with high-quality components.

In abstract, the worth level of pizza aiming to seize a particular regional fashion inside Orlando’s culinary scene is a multifaceted consideration reflecting ingredient prices, operational overhead, aggressive pressures, and buyer expectations. An understanding of those elements is important for each shoppers looking for worth and institutions striving for profitability. The interaction between these components finally shapes the market dynamics and determines the accessibility and sustainability of this culinary providing.

Ceaselessly Requested Questions

This part addresses frequent inquiries concerning the provision, traits, and authenticity of a particular regional pizza fashion throughout the Orlando, Florida, space.

Query 1: What defines “New York Model” pizza within the context of Orlando institutions?

In Orlando, “New York Model” pizza usually refers to a pizza characterised by a skinny, hand-tossed crust, giant slices, and a foldable construction. It sometimes includes a easy tomato sauce, mozzarella cheese, and non-compulsory toppings. The important thing differentiating issue is the try to duplicate the traits of pizzas generally discovered within the New York metropolitan space.

Query 2: Are genuine components constantly utilized in Orlando pizzerias claiming to supply this fashion?

The consistency of genuine ingredient utilization varies amongst Orlando institutions. Whereas some prioritize sourcing conventional components, resembling particular manufacturers of tomatoes or cheeses, others might go for regionally out there or inexpensive substitutes. The diploma to which genuine components are employed immediately impacts the ultimate product’s style and perceived authenticity.

Query 3: What elements contribute to variations in high quality amongst Orlando pizzerias providing this fashion?

Variations in high quality stem from a number of elements, together with ingredient high quality, dough preparation methods, baking strategies, and adherence to conventional recipes. Institutions that spend money on premium components and expert labor are usually extra prone to produce a higher-quality product. Conversely, cost-cutting measures and deviations from established practices can negatively influence the ultimate consequence.

Query 4: How does native interpretation affect the authenticity of this pizza fashion in Orlando?

Native interpretation refers back to the diversifications made to go well with regional tastes and ingredient availability. Whereas some degree of adaptation is inevitable, extreme deviation from the unique recipe can compromise authenticity. The important thing lies in hanging a steadiness between catering to native preferences and preserving the defining traits of the fashion.

Query 5: Is the water composition utilized in dough preparation a major consider figuring out authenticity?

The influence of water composition on dough high quality stays a topic of debate. Some argue that the distinctive mineral content material of New York Metropolis water contributes to the dough’s texture. Whereas tough to duplicate exactly in Orlando, cautious water therapy and dough preparation methods will help approximate the specified consequence.

Query 6: How can shoppers in Orlando assess the authenticity of a pizza claiming to be “New York Model?”

Shoppers can assess authenticity by evaluating a number of elements: the thinness and crispness of the crust, the dimensions and foldability of the slices, the standard and taste of the sauce and cheese, and the general adherence to the established traits of the fashion. Consulting on-line critiques and looking for suggestions from educated sources also can present priceless insights.

These FAQs present a concise overview of key issues when evaluating pizza in Orlando that claims to signify a particular regional fashion. The solutions tackle frequent issues and supply a framework for understanding the complexities of culinary replication.

This understanding gives a basis for shifting on to a dialogue of notable institutions and their particular approaches to providing this kind of pizza.

Ideas for Figuring out Genuine New York Model Pizza in Orlando, FL

These tips facilitate the identification of institutions in Orlando that precisely signify a specific pizza fashion. Consideration of those elements will help in distinguishing between genuine renditions and imitations.

Tip 1: Observe the Crust Traits: Genuine representations exhibit a skinny, crispy crust with minimal doughiness. The crust ought to possess a slight char, indicative of high-temperature baking. Keep away from pizzas with thick, smooth, or undercooked crusts.

Tip 2: Study the Slice Measurement and Foldability: Slices needs to be generously sized, sometimes exceeding twelve inches in size. The defining attribute is foldability; a real slice will bend simply with out cracking or breaking, permitting for handy consumption.

Tip 3: Consider the Sauce Composition: The sauce needs to be easy and unadulterated, composed primarily of crushed tomatoes, garlic, and oregano. Extreme sweetness or the presence of unconventional herbs signifies a departure from conventional recipes.

Tip 4: Assess the Cheese High quality: Genuine variations make the most of low-moisture, whole-milk mozzarella cheese. This cheese melts uniformly and possesses a barely salty taste. Keep away from pizzas utilizing pre-shredded cheese or blends containing components.

Tip 5: Inquire About Ingredient Sourcing: Respected institutions typically prioritize high-quality components and are clear about their sourcing practices. Inquire concerning the origin of the tomatoes, cheese, and flour to gauge their dedication to authenticity.

Tip 6: Analysis Institution Historical past and Critiques: Examine the historical past and background of the pizzeria. On-line critiques and buyer testimonials typically present priceless insights into their adherence to conventional strategies and total high quality.

Tip 7: Contemplate the Oven Kind: Whereas not all the time possible, conventional coal-fired ovens contribute to a singular taste profile. If doable, inquire concerning the oven kind used, as this could affect the ultimate product.

The following tips present a framework for assessing the authenticity of pizza described as “New York Model” inside Orlando, Florida. Cautious statement and knowledgeable inquiry can help in figuring out institutions that prioritize high quality and custom.

This detailed steering permits for a extra knowledgeable and discerning method to choosing a eating expertise, making certain the next probability of satisfaction.

Conclusion

The previous exploration has illuminated the multifaceted nature of replicating a regional culinary custom inside a geographically distinct market. In Orlando, the pursuit of “ny fashion pizza orlando fl” reveals a spectrum of interpretations, starting from devoted adherence to resourceful adaptation. Key determinants of authenticity embody ingredient sourcing, preparation methods, and the fragile steadiness between honoring custom and accommodating native preferences. The presence of varied pizzerias underscores the demand for this particular fashion, whereas ongoing debates concerning high quality and authenticity mirror the challenges inherent in culinary translation.

In the end, the provision and evolution of “ny fashion pizza orlando fl” stays contingent upon the continuing interaction between provide, demand, and a continued dedication to culinary excellence. The longer term trajectory of this regional adaptation will rely upon the alternatives made by each institutions and shoppers, shaping the panorama and defining the enduring enchantment of this transplanted custom. Continued evaluation of those components guarantees ongoing perception.